OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access control mechanisms enforce policies to ensure users cannot perform actions beyond their intended permissions. Failures in this area often result in unauthorized disclosure, modification, or destruction of data, as well as the execution of business functions outside of user limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - Security misconfiguration occurs when systems, applications, or cloud services are improperly configured from a security standpoint, thereby introducing vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These failures involve disruptions or compromises in the processes of building, distributing, or updating software. They are frequently triggered by vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or other dependencies that the system relies upon.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Generally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Historical obstacles such as CPU performance constraints and private key/certificate management are now mitigated by CPUs with instructions designed to accelerate encryption (e.g., AES support) and simplified key/certificate management through services like LetsEncrypt.org, alongside tighter integration from major cloud vendors. Beyond securing the transport layer, it is crucial to identify which data requires encryption at rest and which data needs additional encryption in transit at the application layer (OSI layer 7). For instance, passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets demand enhanced protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or standards such as the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability is a flaw that enables an attacker to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into a program’s input fields. This tricks the system into executing the injected code as if it were a legitimate part of the system, potentially leading to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design is a broad category encompassing various weaknesses, characterized as “missing or ineffective control design.” It is distinct from other Top Ten risk categories. It is important to differentiate between insecure design and insecure implementation; they have different root causes, occur at different stages of the development process, and require different remediations. A secure design can still suffer from implementation defects that lead to exploitable vulnerabilities. Conversely, an insecure design cannot be fixed by perfect implementation because the necessary security controls were never originally designed to defend against specific attacks. A contributing factor to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling inherent in the software or system, resulting in a failure to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker succeeds in tricking the system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - Software and data integrity failures relate to code and infrastructure that fails to protect against invalid or untrusted code or data being treated as trusted and valid. Examples include applications relying on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, and content delivery networks (CDNs). Insecure CI/CD pipelines that lack software integrity checks can introduce risks of unauthorized access, malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD system that pulls code or artifacts from untrusted locations and/or fails to verify them before use (e.g., by checking signatures or similar mechanisms).

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches remain undetectable. Furthermore, without effective alerting, rapid and effective response during a security incident becomes extremely difficult. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting to initiate active responses is a critical gap that must be addressed.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - Mishandling exceptional conditions occurs when software fails to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual or unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, and potential vulnerabilities. This typically involves one or more of the following shortcomings: the application does not prevent the unusual situation, it fails to identify the situation as it occurs, and/or it responds poorly or not at all after the situation arises.

We will discuss and present the practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Real-world examples of broken access controls
- Secure access control implementations and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Practical examples of common misconfigurations
- Strategies for preventing misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic weaknesses, such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- The importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- A comprehensive breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and input escaping

Insecure Design
- Exploration of design flaws that lead to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation
- Strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, including multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues such as untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity verification checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- The importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for effective logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early