OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access control mechanisms enforce policies ensuring users operate only within their intended permissions. Failures in this area typically result in unauthorized data disclosure, modification, or destruction, or allow business functions to be performed beyond user limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - This occurs when a system, application, or cloud service is improperly configured from a security standpoint, thereby creating vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These failures involve breakdowns or compromises in the software building, distribution, or update processes. They are often caused by vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or dependencies critical to the system.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Generally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Historical challenges like CPU performance and private key/certificate management are now mitigated by CPUs with instructions designed to accelerate encryption (e.g., AES support) and simplified management through services like LetsEncrypt.org, with major cloud vendors offering tightly integrated certificate management. Beyond securing the transport layer, it is crucial to identify data requiring encryption at rest and additional encryption in transit (application layer, OSI layer 7). For instance, passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets require enhanced protection, particularly if they fall under privacy laws such as the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or regulations like the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability is a system flaw allowing attackers to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into a program’s input fields. This tricks the system into executing the code as if it were legitimate, potentially leading to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design represents a broad category of weaknesses described as “missing or ineffective control design.” It is not the source for all other Top Ten risk categories. It is important to distinguish between insecure design and insecure implementation; they have different root causes, occur at different stages of development, and require different remediations. A securely designed system can still suffer from implementation defects leading to exploitable vulnerabilities. Conversely, an insecure design cannot be remedied by perfect implementation because the necessary security controls were never established to defend against specific attacks. A contributing factor to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling inherent in the software or system being developed, leading to a failure to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker successfully tricks a system into treating an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These failures relate to code and infrastructure that fails to protect against invalid or untrusted code/data being treated as trusted. An example includes applications relying on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or content delivery networks (CDNs). An insecure CI/CD pipeline lacking software integrity checks can introduce unauthorized access, malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD process that pulls code or artifacts from untrusted locations without verifying them (e.g., checking signatures) before use.

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without adequate logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches cannot be detected. Without alerting mechanisms, responding quickly and effectively to security incidents is extremely difficult. Insufficient logging, monitoring, detection, and alerting to initiate active responses can occur in various scenarios.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - Mishandling exceptional conditions in software occurs when programs fail to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual or unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, and sometimes vulnerabilities. This can involve one or more of the following failures: the application does not prevent the unusual situation, does not identify it as it happens, and/or responds poorly or not at all afterwards.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and escaping inputs

Insecure Design
- We'll explore design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, like improper input validation
- We'll study strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, like multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early